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Staying warm in cold weather requires careful clothing choices, especially when spending time outside. Assistant professor of fashion studies at Kansas State University, Kelsie Doty, emphasizes the importance of layering and selecting the right fibers for each layer.

“We often recommend that people layer for the cold weather, rainy weather and wet season,” Doty said. “A different fiber might be appropriate for each layer.” 

Clothing is typically made from either synthetic or natural fibers. Synthetic fabrics, like polyester and nylon, are made from petroleum, while natural fibers come from plants or animals. Plant fibers, such as cotton, linen, and hemp, are best for hot weather because they are breathable. Animal fibers, like wool, mohair, and silk, provide warmth and help wick moisture, making them ideal for cold conditions.

Proper layering is essential for comfort and safety. A base layer should fit close to the skin and ideally be made of an animal fiber to manage moisture. The mid layer traps air, which acts as a natural insulator. “The mid layer is really important to help keep air trapped next to your body,” Doty said. “Air is actually our best thermal insulator.” The outer layer protects against wind, rain, and snow, with tightly packed fabrics like nylon or denim recommended. Plant-based fibers should be avoided in cold, wet conditions because they trap moisture, which can increase the risk of frostbite.

Choosing the right fibers and layering strategically can make outdoor activities safer and more comfortable.