According to K-State wheat production specialist Romulo Lollato, the best planting dates for winter wheat follow a bell curve, with the ideal time at the peak to avoid yield loss. This peak varies based on location and the goals of the grower.

In northwest Kansas, where it gets colder and drier earlier, the optimal planting date is around September 25. In contrast, in south-central Kansas, where it’s warmer and wetter, planting can be done as late as October 15.

Planting too early in dry regions can lead to a yield loss of 2-3 bushels per acre per day after mid-October, while in wetter areas, planting after early November can cause a loss of about one bushel per acre per day.

Growers also need to consider their goals. Those growing dual-purpose wheat for both grain and forage should plant 2-3 weeks before October 15 to ensure good grazing conditions. However, early planting can increase the risk of diseases like wheat streak mosaic and barley yellow dwarf virus, which thrive in warmer temperatures.

Late planting can cause issues with germination, especially in warmer soils, and lead to problems with pests and excessive fall growth, which can increase moisture needs and stress the crop in spring.