In 2020, predators caused an estimated $4 million in losses for Kansas cattle producers and approximately $750,000 in annual losses for the state’s small ruminant operations.

To reduce these impacts, Kansas State University wildlife specialist Drew Ricketts recommends non-lethal control methods for protecting livestock.

Ricketts explained that predator removal isn’t always linked to fewer losses. He stressed the importance of proper carcass disposal, as dead livestock attracts predators. Keeping dead animals away from calving or lambing areas helps lower the risk of attacks, especially on young livestock.

Coyotes are the primary predators, but domestic dogs also cause significant damage. Ricketts advises using woven wire fences with 4-inch openings and adding electrified fencing to prevent predators from squeezing through. Night penning and securing livestock in barns during high-risk hours, such as sunset and sunrise, can also reduce predation.

In addition, guardian animals like llamas, donkeys, or dogs can help protect livestock. Non-lethal methods for black vultures include using noise devices and effigies to deter them.